Fixed annuities work like a CD, but with additional benefits. If you use a fixed annuity as method of savings, you get some additional features you won’t get with any CD. Some of the features of the fixed annuity are attractive but you need to understand the drawbacks too before you make a financial decision.
Fixed annuities are also called immediate or deferred annuities. The difference lies in how you use the product. A person that wants a deferred annuity uses it more like a CD. They don’t take payments from it. The immediate annuity converts to payments over a specific number of years, for a specific amount or payments that you’ll never outlive. Some people like a guarantee that their heirs get any unused principal. That’s available too.
While the tax-free growth of interest is a real plus over the taxable interest of the CD, there are some precautions you need to take. If you’re under the age of 59 and take any money from your fixed annuity, you’ll find the IRS imposes penalties. An annuity is a retirement vehicle and just like any retirement account, you pay a10 percent penalty on the growth if you take money before 59 . That is, of course, unless you take substantially equal periodic payments that last until that age or at least 5 years. Then the IRS approves it with no penalty.
Just like a CD, you have a penalty if you remove the money before a specified time. Like most CD’s, fixed annuities allow you to take interest at any time but there’s a percentage penalty if you take the initial deposit. The penalty is normally on a sliding scale that reduces as the contract gets older. It varies, but normally averages between four and or five percent. While the length of the surrender period varies, again the average is around seven years. Watch out for contracts that have a lifetime surrender charge unless you annuitize.
There are exceptions to the surrender charge. Many contracts offer the ability to remove funds of as much as ten percent without penalty. This amount may be available each year or once for the life of the contract. Almost every annuity allows you to take the interest penalty free each year and some people use the annuities that way, just as they’d use a CD.
When you allow the annuity to sit and grow, there’s no taxation or hassle. If you take money, however, there’s two different ways the government taxes the distribution. The way you take the money dictates the type of taxation method. Taking a lump sum gives immediate taxation of all interest. Since the tax is LIFO, last in first out, the IRS considers any money out of the contract to be interest first and then principal.
Taxation of an immediate annuity is slightly different. The government considers some of your payment a return of principal so it’s tax-free. Only part of the payment is taxable as interest and that amount remains level throughout the contract payout period. The tax law uses an exclusion ratio based on your life expectancy.
To calculate the amount you pay in taxes each year you use an exclusion ratio. The exclusion ration is how much you exclude from that contract’s income. To find it, you need to know three things; your life expectancy, your payment and the amount you invested. You simply multiply your payment times the number of years for life expectancy. If you receive $800 a month and have a life expectancy of 22 years, you’ll get approximately $211,200 over the lifetime of payments if you collect in full. If your initial investment was $100,000, you divide that number by 211,200 and get an exclusion rate of 47 percent. In this case, you’d only pay taxes on 53 percent of your annual income from the fixed annuity.
People often select fixed annuities because they either love the idea that they’ll never outlive their money, find it a useful tax-planning tool or simply like the high rate and ease of use. Many financial planners suggest that individuals divide their funds into several different vehicles for higher returns and a safer investment strategy. Often seniors fin that a fixed annuity is a great way of establishing a base income in addition to social security or their pension. They know they’ll never run out of money, have a higher payment than an interest payment and can allow other funds to grow at higher rates of return.
John C. Ryan authors content and advice on how to find the best annuity for you. Interested in learning more about how to choose the proper fixed annuity for you? Visit us, to learn more about fixed annuities .
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